Central solar heating

December 6, 2017
by Webmaster
10 min read

Central solar heating is the provision of central heating and hot water from solar energy by a system in qui the water is heated centrally by arrays of solar thermal collectors ( central solar heating plants – CSHPs) and distributed through district heating pipe networks (or ‘block heating ‘systems in the case of smaller facilities).

For block systems, the solar collectors are built on the roof roof. For district heating systems the collectors may instead be installed on the ground.

Central solar heating can involve large-scale thermal storage , scaling from storage to seasonal thermal energy storage (STES). Thermal storage increases the solar fraction – the ratio between solar energy and the total energy demand in the system – for solar thermal systems. Ideally, the aim is to store solar energy in the summer.

Compared to small solar heating systems ( solar combisystems ), central solar heating systems have better price-performance ratios, higher thermal efficiency and less maintenance.

Central solar systems can also be used for solar cooling in the form of district cooling . In this case, the overall efficiency is high due to the high correlation between the energy demand and the solar radiation.

Largest CSHPs

name Country Owner size Thermal
Power		 Annual
production		 Installation
year		 Storage
volume		 Storage type
Facilities		 Collector manufacturer
m² MW th GWh m³
Silkeborg DK Silkeborg Fjernvarme 157,000 110 80 2016 64,000 Water tank ARCON (DK) [1] [2] [3] [4] [5]
Vojens DK Vojens Fjernvarme 70,000 50 35 2012-2015 203,000 Insulated water pond
Water tank		 ARCON (DK) [6] [7] [8]
Gram (Denmark) 44.801 31 20.8 2009- 122,000 Insulated water pond.
10MW electric boiler
900 kW heat pump		 [9] [10]
Gabriela Mistral, El Loa , Atacama Desert chile CODELCO mine 43.920 27-34 52-80 2013 4,300 Water tank ARCON (DK). Supplies an electrowinning copper process[4] [11] [12] [13]
Dronninglund DK 37.573 26 18 2014 60,000 Insulated water pond ArCon (DK) [14] [15]
Ringkøbing DK 30,000 22.6 14 2010-2014 ArCon [16]
Brønderslev DK 27,000 16.6 8,000 Water tank CSP parabolic trough [17] [18]
Hjallerup DK 21.432 [19]
Vildbjerg DK 21.234 14.5 9.5 2014 ArCon [20]
Helsinge DK Helsinge Fjernvarme 19.588 14 9.4 2012-2014 [21]
Hadsund DK 20.513 14 11.5 2015 ARCON (DK) [22]
Nykøbing Sjælland DK 20.084 14 9.5 ARCON (DK) [23]
Gråsten DK 19.024 13 9.7 2012 ARCON (DK) [24]
Brædstrup DK Brædstrup Fjernvarme 18.612 14 8.9 2007/2012 5,000
19,000
Borehole water tank storage, insulated byseashells		 ARCON (DK) [25] [26]
Tarm DK 18.585 13.1 9 2013 ARCON (DK) [27]
Marstal DK Marstal Fjernvarme 17.943 13.5 8.5 1996-2002 2,100
3,500
75,000		 Water tank
Sand / water ground pit
Insulated water pond		 Sunmark / ARCON (DK). Feeds 0.75 MW ORC turbine [28] [29] [30] [31]
Jetsmark DK 15.183 10.6 7.6 2015 Arcon / Sunmark (DK) [32]
Oksbøl DK 14.745 9.9 7.7 2010/2013 Sunmark (DK) [33]
Jægerspris DK 13.405 8.6 6 2010 Sunmark (DK) [34]
Syd Langeland DK 12,500 7.5 7.5 2013 Sunmark (DK) [35]
Grenaa DK 12.096 8.4 5.8 2014 Arcon (DK) [36]
Syd Falster DK 12.094 8.5 6 2011 Arcon (DK) [37]
Hvidebæk DK 12.038 8.6 5.7 2013 Arcon (DK) [38]
Sæby DK Sæby Fjernvarme 11.866 8 6.3 2011 Sunmark (DK) [39]
Toftlund DK 11,000 7.4 5.4 2013 Sunmark (DK) [40]
Kungälv SE Kungälv Energi AB 10.048 7.0 4.5 2000 1,000 Water tank ARCON (DK)
Svebølle-Viskinge 10,000 5.3 5 2011/2014 [41]
Karup DK 8.063 5.4 3.7 2013 ARCON (DK) [42]
Strandby DK Strandby Varmeværk 8,000 5.6 3.6 2007 ARCON (DK) [43]
Nykvarn SE Telge Energi AB 7,500 5.3 3.4 1985 1,500 Water tank Teknoterm (SE)
ARCON (DK)
Crailsheim OF 7,300 2012 37,500 borehole Wagner, Schüco, Aquasol, Asgard [44] [45]
Ærøskøbing DK Ærøsk øping Fjernvarme 7,050 3.4 3 1998/2010 1,200 Water tank ARCON / Sunmark (DK) [46]
The mine Parreña mexico Peñoles 6,270 4.4 660 Water tank ARCON (DK). Supplies an electrowinning process [47]
Falkenberg SE Falkenberg Energi AB 5,500 3.9 2.5 1989 1,100 Water tank Teknoterm (SE)
ARCON (DK)
Neckarsulm OF Stadtwerke Neckarsulm 5,044 3.5 2.3 1997 25,000 Soil duct heat exchanger Sonnenkraft (DE)
ARCON (DK)
Ulsted DK Ulsted Fjernvarme 5,000 3.5 2.2 2006 1,000 Water tank ARCON (DK)
Friederichshafen OF Technische Werke Fried. 4,250 3.0 1.9 1996 12,000 Concrete tank in ground ARCON (DK)

Source: Jan Erik Nielsen, PlanEnergi, DK.

District heating accumulation tower from Theiss near Krems an der Donau in Lower Austria with a thermal capacity of 2 GWh.

Hereafter you have a plant in Rise (DK) with a new collector producer, Marstal VVS (DK), planted in Ry (DK), one of the oldest in Europe, planted in Hamburg and a number of plants below 3,000 m². It can be noted that the island of hasrø in Denmark has three of the major CSHP, Marstal, Ærøskøping and Rise.

History of central solar heating plants

The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a view of the subject . You may improve this article , discuss the issue on the talk page , or create a new article , as appropriate. (May 2010) ( Learn how to remove this template message )
The history of CSHP is a Nordic-European perspective on the topic.

Sweden has played a major role in the development of large-scale solar heating. According to (Dalenbäck, OJ, 1993), the first steps were taken in the early seventies in Linköping , Sweden, followed by a mature revision in 1983 in Lyckebo , Sweden. Inspired by this work, Finland developed its first plant in Kerava , and the Netherlands built a first plant in Groningen . These plants are reported under the International Energy Agency by (Dalenbäck, OJ., 1990). Note that these plants did already combine CSHPs with large-scale thermal storage.

The first large-scale solar collector fields were made on-site in Torvalle , Sweden, 1982, 2000 sqm and Malung , Sweden, 640 sqm. Prefabricated collector arrays were introduced in Nykvarn, Sweden, 4000 m² in 1985. There was a strong international perspective and cooperation within this research field, through investigation with the European Communities (Dalenbäck, O., 1995) and the International Energy Agency (Dalenbäck, OJ., 1990). Denmark was born in 1987 with a plant in Vester Nebel in 1987, one plant in Saltum in 1988 and one in Ryin 1989, taking over the know-how for prefabricated solar collectors of the Swedish company Teknoterm by the dominating company ARCON, Denmark. In the later 1990s Germany and Switzerland were active among others with plants in Stuttgart and Chemnitz .

Due to the fact that they are ground-mounted (concrete foundations or pile-driven steel) in suitable areas (low-yield agricultural, industry etc.). Solar collectors on building roofs, following the ‘block plant’ variant of CSHPs. In Northern Europe, 20% solar heat of annual heating is the economic optimum in a district heating plant using above-ground storage tanks. If weight storage is used, the solar contribution can reach 50%. [48]

By 1999 40 CSHPs were in operation in Europe with about 30 MW of thermal power [1] .

Related systems

Central solar heating is a sub-class of large-scale solar heating systems – more than 500 m² in area.

In Alberta, Canada the Drake Landing Solar Community has achieved a world record of solar energy. [49] [50] [51]

See also

  • District heating
  • Solar heating
  • Solar cooling
  • Solar combisystem
  • Solar thermal energy
  • District cooling
  • Renewable energy

References

  1. Jump up^ Wittrup, Sanne (10 January 2017). “Verdens største solfangeranlæg i drift i Silkeborg” . Ingeniøren .
  2. Jump up^ Kornum, Rene (15 July 2016). “Verdens største solvarmeanlæg på vej ved Silkeborg” . Ingeniøren .
  3. Jump up^ “Record-breaking solar heating system ready on time” . Euroheat & Power . January 9, 2017 . Retrieved 12 January 2017 .
  4. ^ Jump up to:a b “DBDH – Record-breaking solar heating system ready on time” . January 9, 2017 . Retrieved 12 January 2017 .
  5. Jump up^ Current data on Solar heat plants(click Silkeborg in South-West Denmark, then “About the plant”)
  6. Jump up^ Wittrup, Sanne (14 June 2015). “Verdens største damvarmelager indviet i Vojens” . Ingeniøren .
  7. Jump up^http://xqw.dk/work/FG22/okt/Projektforslag_for_udvidelse_af_Vojens_solvarme_med_bilag.pdf
  8. Jump up^ Current data on Danish solar heat plants(click Vojens in South-West Denmark, then “About the plant”)
  9. Jump up^ Inspirationskatalog for store varmepumpeprojekter i fjernvarmesystempage 59. November 2014
  10. Jump up^ Current data on Danish solar heat plants(click Gram in South-West Denmark, then “About the plant”)
  11. Jump up^ “Copper mine – Atacama Desert, Chile” . Arcon-Sunmark . Retrieved 12 January 2017 .
  12. Jump up^ Baerbel Epp (28 November 2016). “Chile: Consistent Electrolytic Bath Temperature Control Increases Copper Cathode Quality” . Solarthermalworld.org. Archived from the original on 12 January 2017 . Retrieved 12 January 2017 .
  13. Jump up^ “Codelco Gabriela Mistral” . Retrieved 12 January 2017 .
  14. Jump up^ Current data is Danish solar heat plants(click Dronninglund in North Denmark, then “About the plant”)
  15. Jump up^ “Brochure dronninglund 2015 booklet eng print” . p. 5-8 . Retrieved 29 April 2017 .
  16. Jump up^ Current data on Solar thermal plants(click Ringkøbing in West Denmark, then “About the plant”)
  17. Jump up^ Epp, Baerbel (11 August 2017). “Denmark: Concentrating Solar Collectors for Heat District in Northern Europe” . www.solarthermalworld.org . Retrieved 12 November 2017 .
  18. Jump up^ CSP plant combined with CHP biomass using ORC-technology
  19. Jump up^ Current data is Danish solar heat plants(click Hjallerup in West Denmark, then “About the plant”)
  20. Jump up^ Current data is Danish solar heat plants(click Vildbjerg in West Denmark, then “About the plant”)
  21. Jump up^ Current data on Danish solar heat plants(click Helsinge in East Denmark, then “About the plant”)
  22. Jump up^ Current data is Danish solar heat plants(click Hadsund in West Denmark, then “About the plant”)
  23. Jump up^ Current data on Danish solar heat plants(click Nykøbing Sjælland in East Denmark, then “About the plant”)
  24. Jump up^ Current data is Danish solar heat plants(click in Gråsten South Denmark, then “About the plant”)
  25. Jump up^ Current data is Danish solar heat plants(click Brædstrup in Central Denmark, then “About the plant”)
  26. Jump up^ “Brædstrup Solpark” . p. 14 . Retrieved 29 April 2017 .
  27. Jump up^ Current data is Danish solar heat plants(click Tarm in West Denmark, then “About the plant”)
  28. Jump up^ Current data is Danish solar heat plants(click Marstal in South Denmark, then “About the plant”)
  29. Jump up^ “Sunstore 4 – 100% Renewable District Heating” . Sunstore . Retrieved 29 April 2017 .
  30. Jump up^ “Marstal Fjernvarme – vandbehandling og solvarme” . Silhorko . Retrieved 29 April 2017 .
  31. Jump up^ Første dansk ORC kraftvarme maskine i Marstal, August 2013
  32. Jump up^ Current data on Danish solar heat plants(click Jetsmark in North Denmark, then “About the plant”)
  33. Jump up^ Current data is Danish solar heat plants(click Oksbøl in West Denmark, then “About the plant”)
  34. Jump up^ Current data is Danish solar heat plants(click Jægerspris in East Denmark, then “About the plant”)
  35. Jump up^ Current data on Danish solar heat plants(click Langeland in South Denmark, then “About the plant”)
  36. Jump up^ Current data is Danish solar heat plants(click Grenaa in North Denmark, then “About the plant”)
  37. Jump up^ Current data is Danish solar heat plants(click Falster in Denmark South East, then “About the plant”)
  38. Jump up^ Current data is Danish solar heat plants(click Hvidebæk in East Denmark, then “About the plant”)
  39. Jump up^ Current data on Solar heat plants(click Sæby in North Denmark, then “About the plant”)
  40. Jump up^ Current data is Danish solar heat plants(click Toftlund in South Denmark, then “About the plant”)
  41. Jump up^ Current data is Danish solar heat plants(click Svebølle-Viskinge in East Denmark, then “About the plant”)
  42. Jump up^ Current data is Danish solar heat plants(click Karup in North Denmark, then “About the plant”)
  43. Jump up^ Current data is Danish solar heat plants(click Strandby in North Denmark, then “About the plant”)
  44. Jump up^ “Solar District Heating in Crailsheim with Seasonal Storage Borehole – Solarthermalworld” . Retrieved 29 April 2017 .
  45. Jump up^ http://www.stw-crailsheim.de/stadtwerke-crailsheim/top-themen/projekt-solaranlage.html
  46. Jump up^ Current data on Danish solar heat plants(click on Ærøskøping in South Denmark, then “About the plant”)
  47. Jump up^ Baerbel Epp (1 December 2016). “Mexico: Second Solar Process Heat Case Study on Copper Mining” . Solarthermalworld.org . Retrieved 12 January 2017 .
  48. Jump up^ Wittrup, Sanne. “Dansk solteknologi mod nye verdensrekorder”Ingeniøren , 23 October 2015. Accessed: 16 July 2016.
  49. Jump up^ Wong B., Thornton J. (2013). Integrating Solar & Heat Pumps. Renewable Heat Workshop. (Power point)
  50. Jump up^ Natural Resources Canada, 2012.Canadian Solar Community Sets New World Record for Energy Efficiency and Innovation. Oct. 5, 2012.
  51. Jump up^ Drake Landing

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